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[ƛʼɑ́sʌm qʷɑ́ys qɑymɩxʷ] ƛʼasəm strong-ᴍᴅʟ it.is.strong qʷay-s talk-3ᴘᴏss their.talk qaymixʷ Native.person Native.person ‘People’s words are powerful.’
[nɑ́mʼ kʷƛóˑƛop ʔʌnɩ́gi] namʼ similar it.is.similar kʷ‿ ƛu-ƛup ᴅᴇᴛ‿ ɪᴍᴘғ-wound wounding ʔə‿ nəgi ᴏʙʟ‿ 2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴘ you ‘It is like they go right into you.’
[gʌ pɑ́yɛʔʌs ʔóˑɬoθɛm qɑ́ymɩxʷ] ga‿ payaʔ-as if‿ always-3ᴄɴᴊ.sʙᴊ if‿always ʔuɬ-u-θi-m tell-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ+2sɢ.ᴏʙᴊ-ᴍᴅʟ you.are.told qaymixʷ Native.person Native.person ‘If people are always talking about you,’
[ƛóˑƛop θóː ʔʌ nɩ́gi qʷɑ́ys qɑ́ymɩxʷ] ƛu-ƛup ɪᴍᴘғ-wound wounding θu go go ʔə‿ nəgi ᴏʙʟ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴘ at.you qʷay-s talk-3ᴘᴏss their.talk qaymixʷ Native.person Native.person ‘then what they say will cut right into you.’
[hɛ́ɬhiːt ʔʌθqʷʋ́lʼ qʼɑ́ʔtʼɑˑtʼʌ̀m] hiɬ ‿hiyt it’s ‿ᴄʟᴛ it.is ʔə‿ θ‿qʷəlʼ ᴄʟғ‿2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ come that.you qʼaʔtʼ-atʼ-əm heavy-ɪɴᴄ-ᴍᴅʟ become.heavy ‘It weighs you down.’
[xʷɑ́ʔhiːt čɛ́ʔmʌs ʔiː hóčxʷhiːt ʔéˑǰɛmtʌnómot] xʷaʔ ‿hiyt ɴᴇɢ ‿ᴄʟᴛ not čamʼ-as why-3ᴄɴᴊ.sʙᴊ ʔiy and and hu ‿čxʷ‿hiyt go ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ ‿ᴄʟᴛ go‿you ʔiǰ-am-t-ə-nu-mut improve-ᴍᴅʟ-ᴄᴛʀ-ᴇᴘᴇɴ-ɴᴛʀ-ʀғʟ get.better ‘You become unable to make any progress, unable to get better.’
[hɛ́gʌxʷ nɑ́mʼs tɑ́nʼ tʌθ θó sóˑsoˑhoˑθot pɑyɛ́ʔ] hi ‿ga it’s ‿ᴍᴛɢ it.is ʔə‿ xʷ‿ namʼ-s ᴄʟғ‿ ɴᴏᴍ‿ similar-3ᴘᴏss why tanʼ ᴅᴇᴍ that tə‿ θ‿ θu ᴅᴇᴛ‿ 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ go that.you.go su-suh-u-θut ɪᴍᴘғ-do.traditional.ritual-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ+ʀғʟ doing.traditional.ritual payaʔ always always ‘That is why you always do your morning rituals.’
[pɑ́yčxʷʔʋt hóː sóˑsoˑhoθot kʷʋθ qʷʋ́lʼʔíʔ kʷʋθ ƛʌ́ƛiːčʼɛˑθot] payaʔ ‿čxʷ‿ʔut always‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ ‿ᴄʟᴛ always‿you hu go go su-suh-u-θut ɪᴍᴘғ-do. traditional.ritual-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ+ʀғʟ doing.traditional.ritual kʷə‿ θ‿qʷəlʼ ᴅᴇᴛ‿2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ come your‿come ʔəyʼ good good kʷə‿ θ‿ ƛə-ƛəyčʼ-a-θut ᴅᴇᴛ‿ 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ ɪᴍᴘғ-go.through-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ+ʀғʟ that.your.getting.through ‘You always do your morning rituals in order to better yourself and to achieve the good things that will help you to be successful in your life.’
[ʔiˑ ʔúːkʼʷstɑ́m qʷʋ́lʼ ʔíʔ nɩ́gi tɑ́ːm θóˑ yɛ́ʔqʼʌšɛxʷ] ʔiy and and ʔuwkʼʷ-s all-3ᴘᴏss all tam what thing qʷəlʼ come come ʔəyʼ good good nəgi 2SG.ɪɴᴅᴘ you tam what what θu go go yaʔqʼ-aš-axʷ use-ᴛʀ-2sɢ.ᴇʀɢ you.use.it ‘And everything will be all right with you (if you do your morning rituals), whatever you use,’
[tʌ́χʌmʔɑy tɑ́ʔʌ kʷʋθ͡θóː] təx̣əmʔay cedar cedar taʔa ᴅᴇᴍ there kʷə‿ θ‿ θu ᴅᴇᴛ‿ 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ go you.go ‘(like) cedar over there.’
[hɛ́wtəmʼ kʷʌθ͡θóː χʷʌ́tʼᶿʌm tɑ́nʼ kʷʋθ xʷíˑkʷɛˑθòt] hiwtəm before before kʷə‿ θ‿ θu ᴅᴇᴛ‿ 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ go you.go x̣ʷətʼᶿ-ʔəm break.off-ᴀ.ɪɴᴛʀ break.off tanʼ ᴅᴇᴍ that kʷə‿ θ‿ xʷikʷ-i-θut ᴅᴇᴛ‿ 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ brush.with.cedar.boughs-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ+ʀғʟ you.brush.yourself.with.cedar.boughs ‘Before you break off cedar boughs to rub on yourself,’
[čʼɛ́ʰčʼɛʰʌčxʷt tʌ́χʌmʔɑy] čʼah-čʼah-a-t ‿čxʷ ʀᴅᴘʟ-pray-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ thank.it‿you tə‿ təx̣əmʔay ᴅᴇᴛ‿ cedar the‿cedar.tree ‘you thank the cedar tree.’
[tɑ́wčɛxʷ (tʌ)θkʷúˑɬmɑ tə nɑ́ʔʌs...] taw-t ‿čaxʷ tell-ᴄᴛʀ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ tell.to.it‿you tə‿ θ‿kʷuɬma ᴅᴇᴛ‿ 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ borrow that.you.borrow tə‿ naʔa-s... ᴅᴇᴛ‿ ғɪʟʟᴇʀ-3ᴘᴏss the‿(umm) ‘You tell it you’re going to borrow ... (from it).’
[χʷʌ́tʼᶿʌmčxʷθó] x̣ʷətʼᶿ-ʔəm ‿čxʷ break.off-ᴀ.ɪɴᴛʀ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ break.off‿you θu go go ‘You go and break off its branches.’
[čʼɛ́hčʼɛhʌčxʷ] čʼah-čʼah-a-t ‿čxʷ ʀᴅᴘʟ-pray-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ thank.it‿you ‘You thank it.’
[gʌ́yɛčxʷgə kʷúkʼʷɑθɛs] gay-a-t ‿čxʷ ‿ga ask-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ ‿ᴍᴛɢ ask.it‿you kʷə-kʷʔ-a-θi-s ɪᴍᴘғ-help-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ+2sɢ.ᴏʙᴊ-3ᴇʀɢ it.is.helping.you ‘You ask it to help you.’
[yɩ́ːʔχmɛθɛs] yəyʼx̣-mi-θi-s take.care-ʀʟᴛ-ᴄᴛʀ+2sɢ.ᴏʙᴊ-3ᴇʀɢ he.takes.care.of.you ‘And to look after you.’
[ʔiˑ nɑ́mʼsčxʷ ʔʋt qɑ́ʔyɛ] ʔiy and and namʼ-s ‿čxʷ ‿ʔut similar-ᴄᴀᴜ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ ‿ᴄʟᴛ make.it.similar‿you qayʼa water water ‘And you do the same for the water.’
[ʔúːkʼʷtɑ́m tíˑsxʷʌxʷ níš tɛ́ʔɛ gíǰɛ] ʔuwkʼʷ all all tam what thing tih-sxʷ-axʷ big-ᴄᴀᴜ-2sɢ.ᴇʀɢ you.respect.it niš stay those.that.stay tiʔi ᴅᴇᴍ here giǰa ground world ‘You treat everything with respect in this world.’
[hɛ́wtəmʼ kʷʌθ θóˑ yɛ́ʔqʼʌš tətɑ́m ʔɛ́ɬtən tíˑtʌčuˑmɩxʷ] hiwtəmʼ before before kʷə‿ θ‿θu ᴅᴇᴛ‿ 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ go you.go yaʔqʼ-aš use-ᴛʀ use.it tə‿ tam ᴅᴇᴛ‿ what whatever ʔiɬtən food food titačumixʷ animal animal ‘Before you use the animal as food’
[gʌθɑ́ˑhʌxʷ mɑ́ʔʌm kʷǰɛ́nxʷ] ga‿ θa-h-axʷ if‿ go-ᴇᴘᴇɴ-2sɢ.ᴄɴᴊ.sʙᴊ if.you.would.go ma-ʔəm obtain-ᴀ.ɪɴᴛʀ get kʷ‿ ǰanxʷ ᴅᴇᴛ‿ fish a‿fish ‘or if you go and get some fish,’
[čʼɛ́ʰčʼɛhʌčxʷ tɑ́nʼ] čʼah-čʼah-a-t ‿čxʷ ʀᴅᴘʟ-pray-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ thank.it‿you tanʼ ᴅᴇᴍ that ‘you thank it.’
[tɑ́wčɛ̀xʷ] taw-t ‿čaxʷ tell-ᴄᴛʀ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ tell.to.it‿you ‘You tell it:’
[qʼʷéymɛθčxʷʋm] qʼʷiy-mi-θ ‿čxʷəm feel.sorry-ʀʟᴛ-ᴄᴛʀ+1sɢ.ᴏʙᴊ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ+fut feel.sorry.towards.me‿you.will ‘“Forgive me.”’
[xʷɑ́ʔčʔot hɑ́ysən tᶿqéyθɛ] xʷaʔ ‿č ‿ʔu ɴᴇɢ ‿1sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ ‿ᴄʟᴛ not‿I hays-an only-1sɢ.ᴄɴᴊ.sʙᴊ no.reason‿I tᶿ‿ qəy-θi 1sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ die-ᴄᴛʀ+2sɢ.ᴏʙᴊ my‿kill.you ‘“I’m not killing you for the sake of nothing.”’
[ʔóʔoˑwuˑθòč ʔʌnɩ́gi] ʔu-ʔuw-u-θut ‿č ɪᴍᴘғ-assist-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ+ʀғʟ ‿1sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ helping.oneself‿I ʔə‿ nəgi ᴏʙʟ‿ 2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴘ by.you ‘“You are going to help me.”’
[hɛ́gʌ tᶿtíː qʷʋ́lʼ mɑ́ːθɛ] hi ‿ga it’s ‿ᴍᴛɢ it.is tᶿ‿ tiy 1sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ ?? why.I qʷəlʼ come come ma-θi obtain-ᴄᴛʀ+2sɢ.ᴏʙᴊ take.you ‘“That’s why I have come to take you.”’
[nɩ́giʔot (ʔʌxʷ)qʷʋ́lʼs ʔíʔ] nəgi ‿ʔut 2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴘ ‿ᴄʟᴛ you ʔə‿ xʷ‿ qʷəlʼ-s ᴄʟғ‿ ɴᴏᴍ‿ come-3ᴘᴏss where.it.comes ʔəyʼ good good ‘It reflects well on you as person.’
(Elsie reverted back to general “you” in this line. She means that thanking the cedar tree that one uses or the fish that one catches is the proper act because it is in accordance with the teaching.)
[xʷʋčɛ́mʌs qʌ́qsɛmɛčxʷ tɑ́m tíˑtɑˑčumɩxʷ níš ʔʌtɛ́ʔɛ gíǰɛ] xʷaʔ ɴᴇɢ not čamʼ-as why-3ᴄɴᴊ.sʙᴊ qaqs-im-(m)i-t ‿čxʷ play-ᴍᴅʟ-ʀʟᴛ-ᴄᴛʀ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ make.fun.of.it‿you tam what what titačumixʷ animal animal niš stay it.stays ʔə‿ tiʔi ᴏʙʟ‿ here here giǰa ground ground ‘You never make fun of/waste any animal in this world.’
[hɛ́ɬʔot tɑ́nʼ kʷúkʷʔɑˑθɛ] hiɬ ‿ʔut it’s ‿ᴄʟᴛ it.is tanʼ ᴅᴇᴍ they kʷə-kʷʔa-θi ɪᴍᴘғ-help-ᴄᴛʀ+2sɢ.ᴏʙᴊ the.ones.who.help.you ‘They are the ones that help you.’
[hɛɬʔʌθqʷʋlʼhiːt ʔíʔ] hiɬ it’s it.is ʔə‿ θ‿ qʷəlʼ ‿hiyt ᴄʟғ‿ 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ come ‿ᴄʟᴛ how.you.become ʔəyʼ good good ‘That is how you get better:’
[gəyɩ́ʔχmɛtʌxʷ tɑ́nʼ tot ʔúːkʼʷtɑ́ˑmʌs] ga‿ yəyʼx̣-mi-t-axʷ if‿ take.care-ʀʟᴛ-ᴄᴛʀ-2sɢ.ᴄɴᴊ.sʙᴊ if.you.take.care.of.it tanʼ ᴅᴇᴍ that tut ?? ʔuwkʼʷ all all tam-as what-3ᴄɴᴊ.sʙᴊ things ‘by looking after that and everything else.’
[hɛ́wtəmʼ kʷʌθθóː tɑ́ʔɑˑčìš] hiwtəmʼ before before kʷə‿ θ‿ θu ᴅᴇᴛ‿ 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ go that.you.go taʔačiš travel travel ‘Before you go travelling,’
[hɛ́wtəmʼ kʷʌθ θóː hɛ́qɛθòt] hiwtəmʼ before before kʷə‿ θ‿ θu ᴅᴇᴛ‿ 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ go that.you.go hiq-i-θut cast.off-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ+ʀғʟ cast.off ‘and before you cast off,’
[čʼɛ́ʰčʼɛhʌčxʷ (kʷ) kʼʷʌ́nɛtomoɬ] čʼah-čʼah-a-t ‿čxʷ ʀᴅᴘʟ-pray-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ thank.him/her‿you kʷ‿ kʼʷən-i-t-umuɬ ᴅᴇᴛ‿ see-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ-1ᴘʟ.ᴏʙᴊ the.one.who.is.seeing.us ‘you thank the one who looks after all of us.’
[hɛ́səm kʼʷʌ́nɛθ kʷʋtᶿ hóːsəm hɛ́ˑqɛˑθòt] hi ‿səm it’s ‿ғᴜᴛ it.will.be.him kʼʷən-i-θ see-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ+1sɢ.ᴏʙᴊ seeing.me kʷə‿ tᶿ‿ hu ‿səm ᴅᴇᴛ‿ 1sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ go ‿ғᴜᴛ when.I.would.go hiq-i-θut cast.off-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ+ʀғʟ cast.off ‘He will be watching over me when I cast off.’
[hótᶿəm ʔówʋɬ tənúxʷɩɬ] hu ‿tᶿəm go ‿1sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ+ғᴜᴛ go‿I.will ʔuwuɬ embark embark.on.boat tə‿ nəxʷiɬ ᴅᴇᴛ‿ canoe the‿canoe ‘I will get on the boat.’
[hóč tɑ́ʔɑˑčìš] hu ‿č go ‿1sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ go‿I taʔačiš travel travel ‘I will travel.’
[čʼɛ́ʰčʼɛhʌčxʷ kʼʷʋ́nɛtomoɬ] čʼah-čʼah-a-t ‿čxʷ ʀᴅᴘʟ-pray-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ thank.him/her‿you kʼʷən-i-t-umuɬ see-sᴛᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ-1ᴘʟ.ᴏʙᴊ the.one.who.is.seeing.us ‘You thank the one who watches over us,’
[yɩ́ːʔχmɛtòmoɬ] yəyʼx̣-mi-t-umuɬ take.care-ʀʟᴛ-ᴄᴛʀ-1ᴘʟ.ᴏʙᴊ (the.one.who)take.care.of.us ‘the one who looks after us.’
[čʼɛ́hʌmčxʷ] čʼah-am ‿čxʷ pray-ᴍᴅʟ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ pray‿you ‘You pray.’
[nɑ́mʼʔot gʌ θɑ́ˑhʌxʷ ʔɛ́ʔɑˑmɩ̀š] namʼ ‿ʔut similar ‿ᴄʟᴛ it.is.similar ga‿ θu-h-axʷ if‿ go-ᴇᴘᴇɴ-2sɢ.ᴄɴᴊ.sʙᴊ if‿you.would.go ʔiʔamiš hunt hunt ‘It is the same as when you go hunting.’
[túˑmɩš hɑ́ˑhʌs ʔɛ́ˑʔɑˑmɩ̀š] tumiš man man hu-h-as go-ᴇᴘᴇɴ-3ᴄɴᴊ.sʙᴊ he.would.go ʔiʔamiš hunt hunt ‘If you were a man going hunting,’
[hɛ́yčxʷʔʋt čʼɛ́ʰčʼɛhʌt kʼʷúnɛtomoɬ] hiya ‿čxʷ ‿ʔut soon ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ ‿ᴄʟᴛ soon‿you čʼah-čʼah-a-t ʀᴅᴘʟ-pray-ʟᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ thank.him kʼʷən-i-t-umuɬ see-sᴛᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ-1ᴘʟ.ᴏʙᴊ the.one.who.is.seeing.us ‘you would immediately thank the one watching over us.’
[hɛ́səm yɩ́ʔχmɛθɛ (kʷθ) kʷčɛ́ xʷθóˑθoˑ] hi ‿səm it’s ‿ғᴜᴛ he.will.be yəyʼx̣-mi-θi take.care-ʀʟᴛ-ᴄᴛʀ+2sɢ.ᴏʙᴊ the.one.who.takes.care.of.you kʷ‿ ča where where xʷ‿ θu-θu ɴᴏᴍ‿ ʀᴅᴘʟ-go go ‘He will watch over you wherever you go.’
[hɛ́ɬʔot qʷʋ́lʼ χʌ́nɑˑθɛ kʷ tɑ́m θʔɛ́ɬtən] hiɬ ‿ʔut it’s ‿ᴄʟᴛ it.is qʷəlʼ come he.comes x̣əna-θi give-ᴄᴛʀ+2sɢ.ᴏʙᴊ give.to.you kʷ‿ tam ᴅᴇᴛ‿ what whatever θ‿ ʔiɬtən 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ food your‿food ‘He will give you your food.’
[xʷʋčɛ́mʌs ʔiː xʷɑ́xʷɑʔsčxʷ kʷtɑ́ˑmʌs ʔɑ́ˑʔɑˑƛʼìš kʷtɑ́ˑmʌs ʔʌθʔɛ́ɬtən] xʷaʔ ɴᴇɢ not čamʼ-as why-3ᴄɴᴊ.sʙᴊ ʔiy and and xʷa-xʷaʔ-s ‿čxʷ ɪᴍᴘғ-come.off-ᴄᴀᴜ ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ taking.if.off‿you kʷ‿ tam-as ᴅᴇᴛ‿ what-3ᴄɴᴊ.sʙᴊ whatever ʔa-ʔaƛʼ-iš ɪᴍᴘғ-throw.away-ɪɴᴛʀ throwing.away kʷ‿ tam-as ᴅᴇᴛ‿ what-3ᴄɴᴊ.sʙᴊ whatever ʔə‿ θ‿ ʔiɬtən ᴏʙʟ‿ 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ food your‿food ‘You never discard or throw away any of your food.’
[χɑ́ˑƛʼɛ̀t ʔiˑqʷʋ́lčɛxʷ mɑ́ʔʌxʷ kʷɑ́nʼ] x̣aƛʼit difficult it.is.difficult ʔiy and and qʷəl ‿čaxʷ come ‿2sɢ.ɪɴᴅᴄ.sʙᴊ come‿you maʔ-əxʷ obtain-ɴᴛʀ get.it kʷanʼ ᴅᴇᴍ that ‘You have a hard time getting it.’
[hɛ́gʌ θtíˑʰsxʷ] hi ‿ga it’s ‿ᴍᴛɢ it.is.why θ‿ tih-sxʷ 2sɢ.ᴘᴏss‿ big-ᴄᴀᴜ you.respect.it ‘And that is why you treat it with respect.’
[níš kʼʷʌ́nɛˑtòˑmoɬ] niš stay he.stays kʼʷən-i-t-umuɬ see-sᴛᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ-1ᴘʟ.ᴏʙᴊ the.one.who.is.seeing.us ‘There is somebody watching over us.’
[pɑ́ːyɛʔot nɛ́ʔ kʼʷʌ́nɛtomoɬ] payaʔ ‿ʔut always ‿ᴄʟᴛ always niʔ be.there it.is.there kʼʷən-i-t-umuɬ see-sᴛᴠ-ᴄᴛʀ-1ᴘʟ.ᴏʙᴊ the.one.who.is.seeing.us ‘There is always somebody watching over us.’

List of abbreviations

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